Archive for May, 2007

NICHD Intramural Research Funding Slashed

Update: Science reports the closure of 12 intramural labs.

Extramural PIs, your colleagues on the inside at the NIH feel your pain. The NICHD just slashed lab operating budgets for their 84 intramural PIs by 50% in the remaining 5 months of the fiscal year.

According to Science, “Scientists say they are now shutting down some studies that use expensive reagents. One investigator says his group is killing transgenic mice; others may pay their own way to meetings. Postdocs nearing the end of their 5-year term may not be able to finish projects that would be important for seeking faculty positions. Judith Kassis said her fruit fly lab will switch from costly molecular projects to genetics work to cope with a budget cut from $29,000 to $14,500. Even so, Kassis feels she may be doing ‘better than the outside” because “at least we have some money.’”

And Science also cheerily reports that a more than half-century investment in biological and ecological research will be canceled at the end of the month – poof – just like that: “Researchers from around the world have come to the Savannah River Ecology Laboratory near Aiken, South Carolina, since 1951 to study how nuclear waste can affect habitats and wild populations of bacteria, fish, and reptiles. But [due to Department of Energy withdrawal of funding] … lab officials said they would need to close its doors at the end of the month.”

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Stanford Says Yes to Big Tobacco

Concerns about the slippery slope to loss of academic freedom and the impact on future fundraising activities also fueled the decision by the Stanford Faculty Senate to reject a ban on accepting research funding from the tobacco industry. A glance at institutions that do refuse any tobacco monies suggests this is not a concern: these Universities are all doing exceedingly well in terms of sponsored research and have not had other special interests pushing to impose further industry-specific funding bans. Academic freedom is alive and well, and faculty at these institutions can and do hold their heads high.

While I would have liked to have seen a different outcome, I am pleased the faculty were given the opportunity to discuss and vote on this matter. Perhaps some day, Philip Morris will realize they don’t need to spend billions of dollars building research facilities, buying researchers, and funding projects at academic medical centers around the world to achieve their lofty goal of “harm reduction”. Harm reduction would most immediately and completely and permanently come through the cessation of cigarette and chewing tobacco sales and marketing.

On the other hand, $25 million (such as Philip Morris just “donated” to UVa) buys a LOT of academic freedom.

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UC Puts Off Tobacco Vote Until July

While the UC Board of Regents originally planned to discuss the policy, RE-89, today at 9:30 a.m., dialogue has been postponed until the July meeting.

On May 9, the UC Systemwide Academic Senate Assembly voted 43 to 4 (3 abstentions) against the RE-89 ban on tobacco-funded research, citing the potential limit on academic freedom faculty members who already follow the University’s Policy on Integrity of Research.

Interestingly, though, less than half of UC-Berkeley faculty actually seem to follow this policy, at least when it comes to completing the required online training.

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Biomedical Research Philanthropy

You know it’s bad when the research deity at one of the top 10 recipients of NIH funding gives a state of the universe speech & tells his audience to look elsewhere for support. In a very timely special feature section, Nature provides in-depth coverage on the brave new world of biomedical research philanthropy.

Philanthropic funding of science and health has doubled in the past decade (thank you, Bill Gates), with foundations alone granting $1.2 billion to US science and medical research in 2005 and $3.4 billion to the broader category of health research (still considerably less than a month in Iraq). Check out the Nature material for all the stats on philanthropic research funding (who gives how much for what purpose) and commentaries on the pros and cons of working out agreements with giga-donors who bring their personal requests and expectations to the granting process.

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Purdue Re-examines Misconduct Again – Updated

Update: Nature reports that Purdue has sent findings from this latest investigation into misconduct to the inspector-general of the Office of Naval Research. Taleyarkhan plans to contact the Office to challenge the report (which is confidential) and has already filed a defamation lawsuit against scientists who questioned his claims of bubble fusion.

Perhaps the third time will be the charm. Nature News reports that while Congress weighed in on Purdue’s less than transparent inquiry into Rusi Taleyarkhan’s bubble fusion research, the University set up a third panel to look at allegations of research misconduct. Science chimes in to indicate the University received additional allegations regarding sonofusion (after the initial 2 inquiries were done), which led to the new inquiry.

On May 10th, Brad Miller, Chair of the investigations and oversight subcommittee of the House Committee on Science and Technology, wrote to Purdue president Martin Jishke, “I sincerely hope that the next inquiry will be conducted in a manner worthy of your great institution.”

However, Purdue’s third panel consists of unnamed panellists from the previous inquiries, though Purdue has pledged to add one or more outside scientists.

C. K. Gunsalus, a lawyer at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign who specializes in research misconduct, recommends instead that Purdue “… completely reconstitute the process. Different panellists, including at least one external to the institution, are required to restore faith in their findings. It’s the only way to close the matter.”

According to the subcommittee memo (& Nature news), the first panel reviewed a limited number of documents, interviewed only two professors inside Purdue, and concluded its work by recommending further interviews and examination of lab notebooks. The panel did not seem to follow the recommendations of the first, but instead solicited and examined a narrower set of allegations.

“The memo reports that the second panel concluded that Taleyarkhan showed “what might be characterized most favorably as severe lack of judgment” when he participated in the preparation of a manuscript by a postdoc and a graduate student that claimed positive results for bubble fusion and did not name him as an author.

Taleyarkhan then cited this work as “independent” confirmation of his own earlier research claims. The claim would not be accepted by the wider scientific community, the inquiry found. The memo says that the inquiry found Taleyarkhan had “abused his privilege as senior scientist” and placed the junior scientists in “precarious positions”. But the inquiry concluded that no full-scale investigation into the possibility of misconduct or the underlying research was warranted and the university then cleared Taleyarkhan of wrong-doing in a press release.”

Hmm. Not the sort of conduct I would find becoming of a scientist. Perhaps we’ll see what’s behind curtain number 3 in a few months.

Update (Sept 2007): Nature reports the following news on this case:

“A Purdue University panel inquiring into allegations of research misconduct against nuclear engineer Rusi Taleyarkhan has concluded that “several matters merit further investigation”.

The panel was set up after contact between Purdue, based in West Lafayette, Indiana, and the Office of Naval Research, which in 2005 allocated $250,000 to research by Taleyarkhan. This was part of a project aimed at replicating his controversial claims to be able to generate fusion energy by collapsing bubbles in deuterated fluids.

This is the third inquiry run by Purdue, which was criticized earlier this year by both scientists and lawmakers for its handling of concerns raised by scientists about bubble-fusion claims at the university. Purdue has not said publicly what exactly in Taleyarkhan’s work it might investigate further.”

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Journal Retraction Patterns

Nature News features a write-up on patterns of article retraction by high- and low-impact journals. Murat Cokol and his colleagues at Columbia (M. Cokol et al. EMBO Rep. 5, 422–423; 2007) identified 596 retracted articles (out of 9.4 million articles published from 1950-2004 per PubMed) and noted that journals with high impact factors were more likely to retract papers than low-impact journals. The authors suggest that high- and low-impact journals have the same batting average in detecting flawed articles before they are published.

The Nature piece goes on to provide the sort of informal peer review not given to the EMBO correspondence. Drummond Rennie, deputy editor of JAMA, and Sandra Titus, director of intramural research at ORI, point out a number of flaws, such as the introduction of scientific misconduct policies only within the last 20 years (while the Cokol sample goes back to 1950) and the need to retract other papers by an author once one instance of misconduct is identified. They also comment on the vagaries of impact factors and legal barriers to retraction.

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PharmFree Report Cards Out

Update: The 2008 Scorecard is out, with 7 schools now garnering an A grade: Mount Sinai School of Medicine (New York), the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (Maryland), the University of California Los Angeles David Geffen School of Medicine, the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, the University of California Davis School of Medicine, and the University of California San Francisco School of Medicine.

The American Medical Student Association (AMSA) launched a PharmFree initiative to encourage “medical schools and academic medical centers to develop policies that limit the access of pharmaceutical company representatives to their campuses and prohibit medical students and physicians from accepting gifts of any kind from these representatives.” The sort of medical payola that may seem benign – until you consider the subliminal motivation story just noted in Science.

Anyway, these perky medical students came up with a grading system for medical schools, and only 5 received an A: Stanford University School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, School of Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, University of Pennsylvania Medical School and Yale University School of Medicine.

At the other end of the scale, 40 medical schools received an F, which translates into “No policy, no discussion or school has decided not to form a policy – Students encouraged to interact with industry representatives.” Ouch.

I recently moved from a failing grade academic medical center (& got pretty damn tired of seeing the detail people in the hall & knowing they were catering lunch every week for the division & paying all the faculty speaking fees) to one currently at a B … but where A-level policies have since been implemented and the students sign the Pharm-Free pledge. Check out how you can turn things around at your institution.

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Money as a Subliminal Motivator

Okay, I’m suffering a little grant review burnout here. Plus, a very quiet week at the NIH. Back to business on the blog shortly. Found this fascinating report published today in Science by Pessiglione et al. using functional MRI to “visualize unconscious motivational processes.” Abstract below …

“Unconscious motivation in humans is often inferred but rarely demonstrated empirically. We imaged motivational processes, implemented in a paradigm that varied the amount and reportability of monetary rewards for which subjects exerted physical effort. We show that, even when subjects cannot report how much money is at stake, they nevertheless deploy more force for higher amounts. Such a motivational effect is underpinned by engagement of a specific basal forebrain region. Our findings thus reveal this region as a key node in brain circuitry that enables expected rewards to energize behavior, without the need for the subjects`awareness. “

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Movies Rated “S” for Smoking

I literally cannot remember the last movie I watched (years have elapsed, neurons long since expired), but I’m pleasantly surprised to discover that, as reported in the NYT, the Motion Picture Association of America ranks portrayals of smoking in the same league as sex and violence in assessing the suitability of movies for young viewers. On the other hand, one wonders if this may end up glamorizing smoking even more and adding a layer of mystique, such that youngsters want to experience what the fuss is all about sooner than they can comprehend what they are doing (as with sex & alcohol). Since I don’t see a protest from our friends at Philip Morris, I suspect the latter scenario may be among those identified as a possible outcome by their bean counters.

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FY05 R&D Expenditures

For universities & colleges, that is, complements of our friends at the NSF. These data reflect expenditures – not grant awards – for science & engineering activities that are “specifically organized to produce research outcomes.” You can download the composite PDF file or click through the individual Excel & PDF tables to see the data sliced & diced every which way. Happy data mining!

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